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Centre for New Economic Studies

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Centre for New Economics Studies

Espousing the philosophy of how contemporary economic theories look at socio-economic problems in a variety of ways, the Centre for New Economics Studies (CNES) through its research and activities aims to focus more on exploring the diversity of the scholarship on economics. At CNES, students and young researchers are not only exposed to the basic foundations of economic reasoning and thought but are exposed to the inter-disciplinary application of the discipline of economics in fields of political science (via political economy), psychology (via behavioral economics), history (via economic history), legal studies (via law and economics) etc.

In most universities and traditional learning centres for mainstream economics learning, there still remains a lacuna between the taught economic theory and the application of such theories in the real policy environment. CNES aims to fill this lacuna by linking economic theory with historical experience(s) and empirical observation under a robust, experimental environment of research. At CNES, teaching or understanding a given economic theory cannot be viewed merely as an exposition of received and established truths or as an intellectual exercise in the skills of logical deduction and inference.

Mr. Deepanshu Mohan
Dean and Professor of Economics, Office of InterDisciplinary Studies and Director, Centre for New Economics Studies
+918396907211
dmohan@jgu.edu.in

CNES Research Advisory Board
Arun Kumar Kaushik
Associate Professor, Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities

Ashit Kumar Srivastava
Assistant Professor of Law, National Law University Orissa

Indranil Mukhopadhyay
Associate Professor, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy

Kishalay Bhattacharjee
Associate Professor and Associate Dean, Jindal School of Journalism and Communication

Khetrimayum Monish Singh
Programme Officer, The Centre for Internet and Society, New Delhi

Krishanu Karmakar
Associate Professor, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy

Laknath Jayasinghe
Associate Professor, Jindal Global Business School

Mukta Naik
Fellow, Centre for Policy Research

Mara Nogueira- Teixeira
Post-Doctoral Fellow,London School of Economics

Richa Sekhani
Research Associate, ICRIER

Sriti Ganguly  
Assistant Professor, Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities

Saagar Tiwari
Associate Professor, Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities

Sandhya Drew
Senior Lecturer/Assistant Dean, City University, London

Samrat Sinha
Associate Professor and Assistant Dean, Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities.

Sukalpa Chakrabarti
Deputy Director & Associate Professor, Symbiosis School of International Studies

Vinod Vyasulu
President, Centre for Budget and Policy Studies, Bangalore

Vivek U Padvetnaya
Associate Professor, O.P. Jindal Global (Institution of Eminence Deemed To Be University)

Wajahat Ahmed
Social Anthropologist

Executive Summary of the Report on

Access (In)Equality Index 2024 Report

For A Summary of AEI 2024 Report Findings Please See the Powerpoint Here

Access the 2021 Access (In)Equality Index Report from here

With the need for International Comparisons becoming pressing, income inequality has risen to the top of the social agenda in many countries. According to Oxfam report, “the  top 10% of the Indian population held 77% of the total national wealth. 73% of the wealth generated in 2017 went to the richest 1%, while 67 million Indians who comprise the poorest half of the population saw only a 1% increase in their wealth”.  The recent pandemic has further widened the existing income and wealth inequality significantly, both within and between countries(Goldin and Muggah (2020), Ghatak (2020), UN reports). India produced 70 new millionaires every day between 2018 and 2021(Oxfam, 2021),  while the number of people living in poverty increased by 75 million due to the pandemic, accounting for nearly 60 percent of the global increase in poverty.  

These evidences while informative is often criticized for not measuring the inequalities that are relevant from a social, economic or moral perspective (Lefranc. A et. al, 2007). Most of the studies have focused on inequality of outcome; income inequality from the economic, demographic and social process which generates the distribution of income. However, the discourse around income inequality does not reflect (in)equality of opportunity ( basic amenities, health care, education, access to justice and socio-economic security) that arise because of the circumstances that are beyond individual’s control including gender, family background, ethnicity, place of birth etc.  

The concept of equality of opportunity is rooted in the Rawlsian philosophical tradition whereby, people are expected to construct society in a way that they would be happy for their position in society to be determined by a random draw (Rawls (1971) and Dworkin (1981). He argued that social positions should be formally open to all and that each person should have a fair chance of attaining them. 

Over the years, with the development of literature, there now exists multiple interpretations of inequality of opportunity that arise because of factors or circumstances that are beyond an individual’s control. These include accessibility and availability of basic resources (Dworkin, 1981), primary goods such as basic liberties and rights, access to political and other offices (Rawls, 1971), public goods, quality of education or access to labor market opportunities, gender, family background, ethnicity, place of birth etc.  

Against this background, the objective of this report is to create an index to capture inequality among households and individuals by looking at access to various opportunities (capabilities), thus measuring uneven distribution of deprivations across the states and union territories in India. 

The definition of “Access” in this report is conceptualized to encompass the “4As”, namely 1) Availability 2) Affordability 3) Approachability and 4) Appropriateness. These four dimensions of “Access” are not only critical in addressing inequalities in accessing healthcare services but can be expanded to cover various other sectors including basic amenities, education, justice and for addressing socio-economic inequalities.  

The AEI framework illustrated in figure 1 below, therefore, measures five key pillars across 23 broad categories[1] crucial to social and human development, each of which relates to an important opportunity for improving the overall quality of life and that has been found to be critical in reducing inequality. This multidimensional framework serves as a benchmark in assessing inequity in spatial and non-spatial access to social and economic opportunities across the states. 

Figure 1 (take from the report’s pdf attached hereby)

 

Please find the master excel file for the data used in producing the Index for public use and reference here

Access IN (Euality) Report

Access IN (Euality) Report Hindi

What is Conversations in Development Studies (CIDS)? 

Website Link – https://conversationsindevelopmentstudies.wordpress.com/ 

CIDS (Conversations in Development Studies) is a peer-reviewed, quarterly research publication produced by the research team of Centre for New Economics Studies, O.P. Jindal Global University. The student-led editorial publication features solicited research commentaries (in the range of 2500-3000 words) from scholars currently working in the cross-sectional aspects of development studies. Each published CIDS Issue seeks to offer a comprehensive analysis on a (pre-identified) specific theme within the scope of development scholarship.

Volume 1: Issue 1 (October, 2018)
Inaugural Issue on Gender in Development: A Feminist Perspective

Volume 1: Issue 2 (December, 2018)
Examining Connectivity in Southeast Asia : Challenges and Prospects


Volume 1: Issue 3 (March, 2019)
Econophysics: Exploring A New Dimension To Economic Analysis & Reasoning

Volume 1: Issue 4 (July, 2019)
Right to Health-Care in India: In Theories and Praxes

Volume 2: Issue 1 (October 2019)
Urban Transformations: A Transnational Perspective

Volume 2 Issue II (February-March, 2020)

Perspectives on Citizenship: India’s Amended Citizenship

Volume 2 Issue III (May, 2020)
Interpreting the Connection between Refugee Rights, State Policy and Developmental Priorities

Volume 2 Issue IV (July, 2020)
Special Journal Issue on Shram Ko Naman (Understanding The Plight of The Working Class)

Volume 3 Issue I (October, 2020) 
Acclimatised Emergencies (Special Journal Issue -ISDS Workshop 2020)

Volume III Issue II (April 2021)
Traversing The Complex Realm of Climate Finance

Volume 3 Issue III

Indian Secularism: Adjective or Necessity? 

Volume 3 Issue IV
ISDS Special Issue on ‘Access (In)Equality Index

Volume 4: Issue I 
National Digitisation of Health Data: Exploring Possibilities and Challenges

CIDS Editorial Advisory Board

Ayona Bhattacharjee
Assistant Professor, International Management Institute, New Delhi.

Indranil Mukhopadhyay
Associate Professor, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy

Laknath Jayasinghe
Associate Professor, Jindal Global Business School

Lokendra Kumawat
Visiting Professor of Economics, Statistics, Ashoka University

Sidharth Bhaskar
Assistant Professor, O.P.Jindal Global University

Sudip Patra
Assistant Professor of Management Practice, O.P.Jindal Global University

Sukumar Murlidharan
Associate Professor, Research, Jindal School of Journalism and Communication

Vivek U. Padvetnaya
Associate Professor, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy, O.P. Jindal Global University

CNES is committed in its research goal to explore wider, more diverse inter-sectional possibilities for research in areas within economics, while experimenting with methods engaged during a process of research. Objective is to identify contemporary social, economic and political issues in context to developing economies and look at these from a micro, more ethnographic perspective. Consequently, the research aim here is not only to publish or disseminate findings through academic journals but also develop alternative ways of knowing within existing frameworks of economic analysis and reasoning to create a genuine interest among students and others for pursuing a cross-fertilized, field based approach to economics (and other social sciences).

More information on the research clusters created within the Centre is given below.

Research Clusters
Clusters are focus-groups led by the Director along with a dedicated team of research and senior research assistants (analysts) associated with CNES. The CNES Faculty Advisory Board is engaged in sharing insights on certain documented studies, offering feedback to some clusters.

Narrative Economics: An Economics Perceived Through Stories

Law, Policy and Development

Exploring Research Pathways Through Experimental Diagnosis


In Collaboration with Guyana Budget and Policy Institute(GPBI)

InfoSphere is a space for fact-based, objective analysis on some of the most pressing contemporary issues of policy concern in South Asia (with a more focus on India).

The purpose of each Fact-Sheet, to be released on a monthly basis, is to provide a data-based narrative on an identified issue, allowing readers to understand, analyse and interpret facts critically from well-authenticated sources.

The Team’s sincere hope is that such form of analysis will allow a cohesive space for policy-diagnosis and discussion on key issues, where facts shown here, can help most shape more informed opinions than give way to personal conjecture or views reflecting deep prejudice or rhetoric.

COVID19’s Impact on Inequality: A Case Study Reflection from Peru, El Savador, India

Tracing Trends in Consumer Behavior and Sentiment During a Pandemic

InfoSphere Vol III Issue I:
Primer on Union Budget 2021-2022: A Brief Analysis of Past Trends

Infosphere Vol II Issue I
Analysis of India’s Health Infrastructure and It’s State of Development

Infosphere Vol II Issue II
A Comprehensive Analysis of India’s Union Budget 2021-22

Infosphere Vol II Issue III
Analysing the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Regime in India

InfoSphere Vol III Issue III
What To Know Before Union Budget 2020-21? (A Primer On Past Trends)

InfoSphere Vol II Issue IV:
An Assessment of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme

InfoSphere Vol II Issue V:
The Status of Indian Agriculture and Role of APMC System

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue I
Interpreting The (Un)Employment Scenario in India 

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue III
Gauging The Economic Impact of The Great Lockdown and The Coronavirus Pandemic

Infosphere Vol I Issue IV
Understanding The Unemployment Scenario Across Emerging Economies: Reflections From China, Turkey, South Africa 

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue V
Broken Markets: Reflections From India’s Labor Landscape (Part I)

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue VI
Broken Markets: Reflections From India’s Labor Landscape (Part II)

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue VII
India’s Rising Debt Challenge

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue VIII 
Analyzing the Indian Education Market

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue IX 
Analyzing the Indian HealthCare Insurance Market

InfoSphere Vol. I Issue X

COVID19 Special Series comprises of an exclusive-series of analytical features published with research and news platforms across the world by CNES Research Team Members, assessing the political, economic and social impact of the Coronavirus pandemic.

The Series was featured in Three Parts, Part I and Part II focus on the socio-economic impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on India. Part III focuses on the global scale of the impact and provides a set of informed arguments on how a post-coronavirus world may look like.


Part I of Special Series on COVID19 and Its Impact

TitlePlatform
What will be the Economic Consequences of COVID-19 for India and Rest of the WorldThe Wire:
https://thewire.in/economy/coronavirus-covid-19-economic-effect
The State of India’s HealthCare Sector in 10 ChartsMedium/Stimson Centre (South Asian Voices):
https://medium.com/@prats1810/the-state-of-indias-health-care-system-in-10-charts-f5745bc2a989
Coronavirus: Needed an All Hands on Deck Financial PolicyFortune (India):
https://www.fortuneindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-needed-an-all-hands-on-deck-financial-policy/104259
A lockdown is the health response to fight Coronavirus, where is the economic plan?The Print:
https://theprint.in/opinion/a-lockdown-is-the-health-response-to-fight-coronavirus-but-where-is-the-economic-plan/388414/
Coronavirus: The Great Leveller (?)Fortune (India):
https://www.fortuneindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-the-great-leveller/104286


Part II of Special Series on COVID19 and Its Impact

TitlePlatform
The Hidden Costs of a Pandemic

Fortune (India)

https://www.fortuneindia.com/opinion/the-hidden-cost-of-a-pandemic/104387

How prepared is India’s HealthCare System in Response to COVID19?

Stimson Centre’s South Asian Voices

https://southasianvoices.org/is-indias-healthcare-system-prepared-for-covid-19/

Three Big Questions After A Week’s Nationwide Lockdown 

Mint & The Wire

https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/opinion-three-big-questions-after-a-week-s-lockdown-11585677038062.html

Safeguarding Constitutional Rights In Times of a Pandemic  Mail Today/ Daily-O
https://www.dailyo.in/variety/lockdown-reverse-migration-migrant-labourers-covid-19/story/1/32663.html


Part III of Special Series on COVID19 and Its Impact

Title Platform
The (Geo)Political World After Coronavirus

Bloomberg/Quint

https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/global-order-united-states-china-post-coronavirus-pandemic-leadership-politics-economy

 

Watching Out For The Third Pandemic: A Massive Debt Crisis (?)

World Commerce Review (London)

https://www.worldcommercereview.com/html/mohan-watching-out-for-the-third-pandemic-a-massive-debt-crisis….html

How Can India Utilize This Crisis-Opportunity To Reprioritise Its Global Commitments..

The Wire

https://thewire.in/economy/covid-19-india-pharma-opportunities

Why Indian Economy Needs A Comprehensive-Complimentary Plan To Recover (Post-COVID19)

Mail Today/DailyO

https://www.dailyo.in/business/covid-19-indian-economy-comprehensive-complementary-plan-economic-impact-of-coronavirus/story/1/32696.html

How COVID19 is Testing India’s Constitutional Fabric

 

DailyO

 

 


Part IV & V of Special Series on COVID19, Its Socio-Economic Impact (Shram Ko Naman)

Title

Platform

On Apathy and MisConduct

MailToday/DailyO
https://www.dailyo.in/variety/covid-19-pandemic-migrant-labourers-india-economic-reforms-government-apathy/story/1/32869.html

How India is endangering its vulnerable prisoners amidst a pandemic outbreak

The Caravan

https://caravanmagazine.in/law/how-india-is-endangering-vulnerable-prisoners-amid-covid-19

India’s Manual Scavengers have been forgotten in the COVID 19 response 

LiveLaw

https://www.livelaw.in/columns/indias-manual-scavenges-have-been-forgotten-in-the-covid-19-narrative-156007

Our Unemployment Crisis Demands Structural Solutions

Mint

https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/our-unemployment-crisis-demands-structural-solutions-11588785382095.html

Contractualisation Of Workforce Will Worsen Current Unemployment Scenario

Deccan Herald

https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/panorama/contractualisation-of-workforce-will-worsen-unemployment-scenario-834403.html

Four Measures That Can Help Farmers  Deal With The Impact of COVID19 Lockdown

The Wire

https://thewire.in/agriculture/farmers-covid-19-lockdown-india-relief-measures

Featured Interview On COVID19’s Impact on Casual-Daily Wage Workers in India & The Case for Direct Cash Transfers and UBI (Universal Basic Income)

Fortune (India) May Edition

(Fortune Editor Ms. Arnika Thakur speaks to Prof. Maitreesh Ghatak (LSE), Prof. Jean Dreze (Delhi School of Economics, Ranchi University), Prof. Deepanshu Mohan (O.P. Jindal Global University)

https://www.fortuneindia.com/macro/the-covid-19-crisis-and-the-case-for-ubi/104556

Finance Minister’s Liquidity Injection May Be Welcome, But Attention Needs To Be On Reviving Demand… 

The Wire

https://thewire.in/economy/liquidity-boos-welcome-revive-demand

For India To Become AtmaNirbhar (Self-Reliant) in 10 Years, Do Indians Have To Be AtmaNirbhar  Now? 

(On the 21 trillion (Rs.) Economic Package)

 

The Wire

https://thewire.in/economy/india-atmanirbhar-package-nirmala-sitharaman

Towards a New Economic Geography For States

Fortune India

https://www.fortuneindia.com/opinion/towards-a-new-economic-geography-for-states/104588

‘Panel Discussion on Voting Patterns in Indian Elections: How Indians Vote?’ – Professor Deepanshu Mohan, Professor Mohsin Raza Khan, and Professor Rakshi Rath with Professor Anish Vanaik as Discussant 

A New Future for Economics: Theory & Practice’ By Mr. Naresh Singh

Politica is a discussion forum initiated by the Centre that seeks to promote active public engagement by scholars working on key socio-economic issues with an inter-disciplinary focus along with those who are willing to share their research insights. 

You can have a look at our recently concluded forum discussions below : –  

  • Panel Discussion :  on Inequality to access in India – Deepanshu Mohan, Serene Vaid, Richa Sekhani with Faculty discussant -Indranil Mukhopadyay and Anamika Srivastava

    Link to the Video Discussion- https://youtu.be/VtiL_Uka_-A 

  • Panel Disscussion: on Headwinds of Economic and Political Nationalism- Mohsin Raza Khan, Sumeet Mhaskar and Akriti Bhatia
  • Panel Discussion: on Censorship vs Sensationalism -Challenges to reporting Media- By Nishtha Gautam, Karnika Kohli and Jahnavi Sen

    Link to the Video Discussion- https://youtu.be/pDID_DBhKmw 

  • “Legality of Healthcare System in India”- Dr. Nupur Tiwary and Dr. Indranil Mukopadhyay

     Link to the Video Discussion – https://youtu.be/gBp5MO-auVs 

  • “Mediating Privacy with Social Security Benefits”- Dr. Ananth Padmanabhan
    Link to the Video Discussion – https://youtu.be/8yKTRVB2vkY 
  • “The Politics of Local Elections in India” – Dr. Neelanjan Sircar and Prof. Sukumar Muralidharan

   Link to the Video Discussion – https://youtu.be/dgRYRuWyofM 

  • “Aggression and Hope in Political Conflict: Exploring the Intricacies of Violence in Kashmir” 

   Link to the Video Discussion- https://youtu.be/bINDn3AfV0E  

  • “Public Advocacy to reclaim affirmative nutrition action for tribal children”- Ms. Vani Sethi.
  • “Changing Task Contents of Jobs in India: Implications and Way Forward- Dr. Pankaj Vashisht” 

       Link to the Video Discussion- https://youtu.be/pEC0jqrs6kc  

  • “Current and Future of the Indian Economy in the aftermath of Demonetization.”-Professor Arun Kumar and Professor Rajan Harshe 

     Link to the Video Discussion- https://youtu.be/EU5iQ0FOc70

  • The Union Terrorization of State of Jammu and Kashmir: Its Current and Future Ramifications…

     Link to the video Discussion – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMvOscl85sg

  • State of the Economy: What’s Going Wrong and How to Improve India`s growth trajectory?

       Link to the Video Discussion – https://youtu.be/Y7VESpFoCuU

  • Interpreting “Violence” in Political Psyche and Strategy

       Link to the Video Discussion – https://youtu.be/BztNn5IFeMY

  1. Conference Report on “Conflict and Economic Development” (co-organized with the Centre for Study of Political Violence) [ PDF]
  2. Draft Report on the 2015-16 CSPV Fellowship Program in Bihar, Assam (co-organized with the Centre for Study of Political Violence) [ PDF]  
  3. Report on the 2016-17 Border Studies Winter School Program in Indo-Bhutan area (co-organized with the Centre for Study of Political Violence)

The research programs and activities spearheaded by CNES undertaken are innately interdisciplinary in nature and draw on contemporary debates emanating from economic history, behavioral sciences, international economics, development economics, and political science. 

In addition to the activities organized by CNES, the Centre offers credit-based elective courses on the following thematic areas (also open for cross-registration by students from all JGU schools):

  • Political Economy of Late Development
  • Public Law and Economics: An Introduction
  • Political Economy of Doing Business in India
  • Development Economics: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Development
  • A Brief History of Economic Crises during 20th & 21st Century

Shram Ko Naman : A Photo Essay Series is a joint initiative by the Centre for New Economics Studies along with PAIGAM Network to showcase the plight of India’s unsecured, working class occupied across different strata. This Series was initiated in month of May, 2020 as part of the Shram Ko Naman initiative, when India’s working classes were struggling to find basic livelihood opportunities in making their ends meet. For more see here

The Centre for New Economic Studies is organising its 2019 edition of Inter-Disciplinary Student Workshop in Development Studies (ISDS 2019) on 21st September at the O.P. Jindal University campus.

Please check the Workshop Call for Papers by clicking here

Guest Lecture on “Israel Studies as a discipline in India” on 21st Jan 2019 [PDF]

The Centre for New Economic Studies is organising an Inter-Disciplinary Student Workshop in Development Studies (ISDS 2018) on March 3, 2018.

The one-day workshop will be held on campus, offering students from across different areas of social sciences to present working papers on Technology and Society and Agency of Women in Path to Development (under the sub-tracks provided). The workshop is open to students from different universities (in and outside Delhi) and welcomes abstracts on any of the identified themes.

Please find attached a detailed Concept Note with a Call for Abstracts for your reference. [PDF]

Details on Designated Roles of Association with Centre for New Economics Studies (CNES)

Columnists

Any student or interested writer can apply for a position of a Columnist for Nickeled & Dimed once an open call is announced every academic semester (i.e. twice a year). As part of the role, each selected columnist shall be assigned to a writing cluster on a given thematic area and will be guided by one of the editorial team members, who will be responsible for managing the writing cluster. Each Columnist is required to submit at least two written articles every month and these should be as per the editorial guidelines of Nickeled and Dimed. The term of association will be for 6 months at a minimum and extendable upto a year (based on the feedback received from the editorial team).

Columnists, like all other positions at the Centre, will be issued a Letter of Appreciation by the Centre’s Director at the end of their term in acknowledgment of their contributions. Associated writers and columnists, when applying for a Research Assistant/Analyst position, will stand a favourable chance for selection by the team due to their written contributions. Interested applicants can write to Nickeled and Dimed team at cnes.jgu@gmail.com

Research Assistant

Any student of the University can apply for the role of a Research Assistant when there is a call for applications before the beginning of a semester. A Research Assistant would be required to undertake administrative, research related responsibilities initiated by the Centre during a given semester. This may include working as part of the official research platform, Nickeled and Dimed; or, be part of the organising team of the policy discussion series, Politica; or, may include additional research responsibilities (including field-work for on-going research projects).  Any JGU student working as a Research Assistant with CNES would need to commit for a minimum period of a given semester and can work for a maximum of two Research Centres (including CNES) during their appointed term duration. Students with previous research article contributions towards Nickeled and Dimed will be encouraged during appointments made for the role.

For applications/queries: All interested students may email their expression of interest/queries to the Centre’s Director at dmohan@jgu.edu.in 


Research Analyst

Any individual interested in being part of the Centre who may not be officially associated with the University can apply for this role. The roles and responsibilities of a Research Analyst may be the same to that of a Research Assistant. Considering the applicant’s work experience and academic qualifications, the Centre’s Executive Team will notify the selected individual about the terms and conditions of an Analyst’s role and responsibilities (including stipend details-if applicable).   

For applications/queries: All interested individuals may email their expression of interest/queries with a copy of their CV to the Centre’s Executive Director at dmohan@jgu.edu.in


Senior Research Assistant

Research Assistants/Analysts who have been associated with the Centre for a considerable duration of time (at least for two semesters or more) and may express interest to continue their association with CNES can be considered for promotion to the role of a Senior Research Assistant/Analyst. In capacity of a senior role, students or young scholars will work on Centre-initiated research projects which includes students designing their own project proposals, in close coordination with the Executive team while administering other responsibilities. All Senior Research Assistants/Analysts will be paid a stipend amount for the research work contributed towards the end of the semester or the research project (whichever is earlier). 

Important: For all of the above roles (i.e. Research Assistant, Research Analyst and Senior Research Assistant), a Letter of Appreciation shall be issued to each individual after she/he completes her/his association with the Centre. The issued Letter will acknowledge details of all administrative responsibilities and research contributions made by Assistants/Analysts during their term with the Centre.